{"id":342,"date":"2009-01-02T21:00:46","date_gmt":"2009-01-03T03:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/?p=342"},"modified":"2022-07-22T11:29:01","modified_gmt":"2022-07-22T16:29:01","slug":"black-locust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/black-locust\/","title":{"rendered":"Black Locust"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"342\" class=\"elementor elementor-342\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e5dc41e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e5dc41e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ad0ee\" data-id=\"2ad0ee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f944b4d custom-breadcrumbs elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4f944b4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/\"><!-- home --><i class=\"fa fa-home\"><\/i><\/a><strong> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/\">Hardwoods<\/a> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/fabaceae\/\">Fabaceae<\/a> &gt;<a> Robinia <\/a>&gt; <\/strong>pseudoacacia\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c440648 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c440648\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a9d50c6\" data-id=\"5a9d50c6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10189b95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10189b95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_34862\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34862\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34862\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia-225x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia-225x450.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia-75x150.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34862\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-439cde4c\" data-id=\"439cde4c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f934e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f934e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/common-name\/\"><strong>Common Name(s):<\/strong><\/a> Black locust, robinia, false acacia<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/scientific-name\/\"><strong>Scientific Name:<\/strong><\/a> <i>Robinia pseudoacacia<\/i><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/distribution\/\"><strong>Distribution:<\/strong><\/a> Central-eastern United States (also widely naturalized in many temperate areas worldwide)<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/tree-size\/\"><strong>Tree Size:<\/strong><\/a> 65-100 ft <span class=\"metric\">(20-30 m)<\/span> tall,<\/p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2-3 ft <span class=\"metric\">(.6-1 m)<\/span> trunk diameter<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/average-dried-weight\/\"><strong>Average Dried Weight:<\/strong><\/a> 48.0 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(770 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/span><\/p><p><a class=\"inf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/specific-gravity\/\"><strong>Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC)<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ejm\">:<\/span> 0.66, 0.77<\/p><p><a class=\"inf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/janka-hardness\/\"><strong>Janka Hardness<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ejm\">:<\/span> 1,700 lb<sub>f<\/sub> <span class=\"metric\">(7,560 N)<\/span><\/p><p><a class=\"inf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/modulus-of-rupture\/\"><strong>Modulus of Rupture<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ejm\">:<\/span> 19,400 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(133.8 MPa)<\/span><\/p><p><a class=\"inf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/modulus-of-elasticity\/\"><strong>Elastic Modulus<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ejm\">:<\/span> 2,050,000 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(14.14 GPa)<\/span><\/p><p><a class=\"inf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/crushing-strength\/\"><strong>Crushing Strength<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ejm\">:<\/span> 10,200 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(70.3 MPa)<\/span><\/p><p><a class=\"inf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/dimensional-shrinkage\/\"><strong>Shrinkage<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ejm\">:<\/span> Radial: 4.6%, Tangential: 7.2%,<\/p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Volumetric: 10.2%, T\/R Ratio: 1.6<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a20e2f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a20e2f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#pics\"><i class=\"fa fa-camera-retro fa-lg\"><\/i> <strong>More images<\/strong><\/a> | <a href=\"#identification\"><i class=\"fa fa-search fa-lg\"><\/i> <strong>Identification<\/strong><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-426c57a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"426c57a3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-715a2adc\" data-id=\"715a2adc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79ba8874 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79ba8874\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-color-appearance\/\"><strong>Color\/Appearance:<\/strong><\/a> Color can range from a pale greenish-yellow to a darker brown. Tends to darken to a russet brown with age. Can be confused with <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/osage-orange\/\">osage orange<\/a> and <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/honey-locust\/\">honey locust<\/a> in some instances.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-grain-texture\/\">Grain\/Texture:<\/a> <\/strong>Grain is usually straight, with a medium texture.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-durability\/\">Rot Resistance:<\/a> <\/strong>Rated as very durable, with good weathering characteristics. Frequently used as fence posts for its outdoor longevity.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-workability\/\"><strong>Workability:<\/strong><\/a> Overall working characteristics for black locust are mixed: although the grain is usually straight, its high density and hardness can make it more difficult to machine when compared to other domestic hardwoods. Black locust also has a moderate blunting effect on cutting edges. Responds very well to both lathe turning and steam bending; glues and finishes well.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-odor\/\">Odor:<\/a> <\/strong>No characteristic odor.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-allergies-and-toxicity\/\"><strong>Allergies\/Toxicity:<\/strong><\/a> Although severe reactions are quite uncommon, black locust has been reported to cause eye and skin irritation, as well as nausea (less common). See the articles <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-allergies-and-toxicity\/\">Wood Allergies and Toxicity<\/a> and <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-dust-safety\/\">Wood Dust Safety<\/a> for more information.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-pricing-availability\/\"><strong>Pricing\/Availability:<\/strong><\/a> Black locust prices can vary depending on location, but prices should be moderate within its natural range. Those living in the eastern United States can expect prices to be comparable to <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/white-oak\/\">white oak<\/a>. In other areas where the lumber has been imported, the prices can be much higher.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/restricted-and-endangered-wood-species\/\"><strong>Sustainability:<\/strong><\/a> This wood species is not listed in the CITES Appendices, and is reported by the IUCN as being a species of least concern. Furthermore, the species has become very widespread, and is even considered invasive in some areas. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_342_1('footnote_plugin_reference_342_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_342_1('footnote_plugin_reference_342_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_342_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_342_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">V\u00edtkov\u00e1, M., M\u00fcllerov\u00e1, J., S\u00e1dlo, J., Pergl, J., &amp; Py\u0161ek, P. (2017). Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) beloved and despised: a story of an invasive tree in Central Europe.\u00a0Forest&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_342_1('footnote_plugin_reference_342_1_1');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_342_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_342_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Common Uses:<\/strong><\/span> Fence posts, boatbuilding, flooring, furniture, mine timbers, railroad ties, turned objects, and veneer.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/span> Black locust is a very hard and strong wood, competing with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/pignut-hickory\/\">hickory (<em>Carya<\/em> genus)<\/a> as the <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worlds-strongest-woods\/\">strongest and stiffest domestic timber<\/a>: but with more stability and rot resistance.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Although it shares a similar common name with honey locust, the two are in separate genera\u2014<em>Robinia<\/em> and <em>Gleditsia<\/em>, respectively. (In a botanical sense, black locust trees are actually more closely related to <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/desert-ironwood\/\">desert ironwood <em>(Olneya tesota)<\/em><\/a>, though the wood of course is less dense than ironwood.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_342_1('footnote_plugin_reference_342_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_342_1('footnote_plugin_reference_342_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_342_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_342_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Lavin, M. (1995). Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of the tribe Robinieae (Leguminosae). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/25027850\"><i>Systematic Botany Monographs<\/i>, 1-<span class=\"ext-footnote\">165<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_342_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_342_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>)\u00a0 But when compared to honey locust, black locust tends to be slightly heavier, harder, and with more of a green or yellow tinge, while honey locust tends to have a warmer orange or red tint. For more information on separating lookalikes, see the notes on <a href=\"#identification\">anatomy below<\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2435a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2435a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"pics\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-60614371\" data-id=\"60614371\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a77c93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget\" data-id=\"23a77c93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"pics\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3550840598661096\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3550840598661096\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7018119591\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10f5f43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10f5f43\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d9d846\" data-id=\"3d9d846\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41715fd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41715fd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"ejm\">Images:<\/span> Drag the slider up\/down to toggle between raw and finished wood. The first sample shows a piece that has already aged to a darker brown heartwood color, while the second sample is closer to the color one could expect from a freshly cut piece.<\/p><p>A special thanks to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/about\/#steve\">Steve Earis<\/a> for providing a wood sample of this wood species.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-587b9d04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"587b9d04\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bdd775c\" data-id=\"1bdd775c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7409fbde elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7409fbde\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-598a504a\" data-id=\"598a504a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-606ccb73\" data-id=\"606ccb73\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ed364f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ed364f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"twentytwenty-SLqHuL\" class=\"sbav-container twentytwenty-center \"><div class=\"twentytwenty-container\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-34862\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia-225x450.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia-75x150.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-34863\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia2.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia2-225x450.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia2-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia2-75x150.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"> <\/div><\/div>\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\tjQuery(window).load(function(){\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"#twentytwenty-SLqHuL .twentytwenty-container\").twentytwenty({\n\t\t\t\t\tdefault_offset_pct: 0.5, \n\t\t\t\t\torientation: 'vertical',\n\t\t\t\t\tmove_on_hover: false,\n\t\t\t\t\tis_wiggle: false,\n\t\t\t\t\twiggle_timeout: 1000\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t});\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-SLqHuL {\n\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\tmax-width: 100%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-SLqHuL.twentytwenty-hover .twentytwenty-overlay:hover {\n\t\t\t    background: rgba(0,0,0, 0.5);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-SLqHuL .twentytwenty-before-label:before, \n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-SLqHuL .twentytwenty-after-label:before {\n\t\t\t\tbackground: rgba(255,255,255, 0.3);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-SLqHuL .twentytwenty-before-label:before {\n\t\t\t\tcontent: \"\"; 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\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-after-label:before {\n\t\t\t\tcontent: \"\";\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-horizontal .twentytwenty-handle:before, \n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-horizontal .twentytwenty-handle:after, \n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-vertical .twentytwenty-handle:before, \n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-vertical .twentytwenty-handle:after {\n\t\t\t\tbackground: #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-before-label:before, \n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-after-label:before {\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-handle {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 3px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-horizontal .twentytwenty-handle:before {\n\t\t\t\t-webkit-box-shadow: 0 3px 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\t-moz-box-shadow: 0 3px 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\tbox-shadow: 0 3px 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5); \n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-horizontal .twentytwenty-handle:after {\n\t\t\t\t-webkit-box-shadow: 0 -3px 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\t-moz-box-shadow: 0 -3px 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\tbox-shadow: 0 -3px 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5); \n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-vertical .twentytwenty-handle:before {\n\t\t\t\t-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 0 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\t-moz-box-shadow: 3px 0 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\tbox-shadow: 3px 0 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-vertical .twentytwenty-handle:after {\n\t\t\t\t-webkit-box-shadow: -3px 0 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\t-moz-box-shadow: -3px 0 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\tbox-shadow: -3px 0 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5); \n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-left-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-right: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-right-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-left: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-up-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-bottom: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-7lYHw6 .twentytwenty-down-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-top: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31357ed6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31357ed6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6fcyX5o4irY&amp;autoplay=1&amp;controls=0&amp;rel=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;loop=1\"><i class=\"fa fa-play\"><\/i> Watch video of wood finish being applied.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ecaae13\" data-id=\"3ecaae13\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-64207b82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"64207b82\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cd5e86e\" data-id=\"3cd5e86e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dbc0666\" data-id=\"dbc0666\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972ba5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"972ba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Do you have images of projects made from this wood species? You can submit them to me <a class=\"ext\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/donating-wood-samples\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3292e4cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3292e4cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"identification\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-159ea3ad\" data-id=\"159ea3ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d0f322d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d0f322d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/\"><strong>Identification:<\/strong><\/a> See the article on <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/\">Hardwood Anatomy<\/a> for definitions of endgrain features.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56d93340 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56d93340\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37b59aa3\" data-id=\"37b59aa3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-44c5166b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"44c5166b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d59b93f\" data-id=\"2d59b93f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46fa9894 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46fa9894\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_34865\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34865\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34865\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia4-225x338.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia4-225x338.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia4-400x600.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia4-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia4.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34865\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black locust (endgrain 10x)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c2d3304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c2d3304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_34864\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34864\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34864\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia3-225x45.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"45\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia3-225x45.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia3-600x120.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia3-100x20.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/robinia-pseudoacacia3.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34864\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black locust (endgrain 1x)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-46eab925\" data-id=\"46eab925\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba57048 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba57048\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a class=\"inf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#porosity\"><strong>Porosity<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ejm\">:<\/span> ring porous<\/p><p><a class=\"inf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#arrangement\"><strong>Arrangement<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ejm\">:<\/span> earlywood in rows two to three pores wide, latewood in clusters and tangential bands<\/p><p><a class=\"inf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#size\"><strong>Vessels<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ejm\">:<\/span> large in earlywood, medium in latewood; tyloses abundant<\/p><p><a class=\"inf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#paratracheal\"><strong>Parenchyma<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ejm\">:<\/span> vasicentric and aliform<\/p><p><a class=\"inf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#rays\"><strong>Rays<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ejm\">:<\/span> narrow to medium width; normal spacing<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Lookalikes\/Substitutes:<\/strong><\/span> Can be confused with other ring-porous hardwoods from the Eastern United States, such as honey locust, Kentucky coffeetree, osage orange, and red mulberry. However, black locust is the only species of the aforementioned group that features both abundant tyloses as well as fluorescent heartwood (when viewed under a blacklight). If a blacklight is unavailable, osage orange also features abundant tyloses and can be confused with black locust. However, fresh osage orange shavings, when mixed with a small amount of water, will discolor the water a yellowish color, while black locust shavings will cause little to no discoloration.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/span> Heartwood fluoresces a vibrant yellow-green <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/fluorescence-a-secret-weapon-in-wood-identification\/\">under a blacklight<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e11c1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e11c1f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-291b062f\" data-id=\"291b062f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf752d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bf752d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/\"><!-- home --><i class=\"fa fa-home\"><\/i><\/a><strong> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/\">Hardwoods<\/a> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/fabaceae\/\">Fabaceae<\/a> &gt;<a> Robinia <\/a>&gt; <\/strong>Related Species\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7db0378 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7db0378\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This genus only contains a handful of species, ranging from four to eleven recognized species depending on the author. Besides <em>R. pseudoacacia<\/em>, most species are shrubs or small trees, all of which are native to North America<em>,<\/em> and no other species are regularly utilized for commercial lumber.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-66498ade elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"66498ade\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33ae15ce\" data-id=\"33ae15ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e8e6d1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e8e6d1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Related Content:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3600bdaa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3600bdaa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a1b3b5d\" data-id=\"6a1b3b5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-50cc7cfa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50cc7cfa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-76a6e8b3\" data-id=\"76a6e8b3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d9edd6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d9edd6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_24025\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24025\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/fluorescence-a-secret-weapon-in-wood-identification\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-banner wp-image-24025\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fluorescence-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fluorescence-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fluorescence-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fluorescence-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fluorescence-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fluorescence-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fluorescence.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-24025\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/fluorescence-a-secret-weapon-in-wood-identification\/\"><strong>Fluorescence: A Secret Weapon in Wood Identification<\/strong> All it takes is a simple blacklight to detect a fluorescent response in hardwoods.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-12621423\" data-id=\"12621423\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79365ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79365ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_34910\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34910\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/locust-osage-and-mulberry\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-banner wp-image-34910\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gleditsia-triacanthos5-adam2-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gleditsia-triacanthos5-adam2-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gleditsia-triacanthos5-adam2-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gleditsia-triacanthos5-adam2-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gleditsia-triacanthos5-adam2-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gleditsia-triacanthos5-adam2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gleditsia-triacanthos5-adam2.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34910\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/locust-osage-and-mulberry\/\"><strong>Locust, Osage, and Mulberry: Golden Heavy Hitters of the Eastern US<\/strong> Learn to separate these confusing woods with only a few simple tricks.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-484f82f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"484f82f5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bcf1382\" data-id=\"1bcf1382\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bf5b0c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3bf5b0c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_30191\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30191\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worlds-strongest-woods\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-banner wp-image-30191\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/strongest-wood-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/strongest-wood-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/strongest-wood-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/strongest-wood-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/strongest-wood-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/strongest-wood-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/strongest-wood.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30191\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worlds-strongest-woods\/\"><strong>World&#8217;s Strongest Woods<\/strong> There\u2019s more to wood strength than merely hardness. Let\u2019s find and compare the strength index of over 400 woods!<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-27a1d963\" data-id=\"27a1d963\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e796e9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e796e9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_21437\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21437\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/poster.wood-database.com\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21437\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/periodic-table-related.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/periodic-table-related.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/periodic-table-related-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/periodic-table-related-225x150.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21437\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/poster.wood-database.com\"><strong>Periodic Table of Wood<\/strong> This wood species is included as one of 118 &#8220;elemental&#8221; woods on this nerdy poster.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d739f2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d739f2e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1856f89\" data-id=\"1856f89\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b49e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1b49e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_21077\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21077\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worldwide-woods\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21077\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile-225x150.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21077\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worldwide-woods\/\"><strong>Worldwide Woods, Ranked by Hardness<\/strong> Over 500 woods arranged into eight geographic regions and ranked by Janka hardness\u2014all on one 24&#8243; x 36&#8243; poster.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8f2784\" data-id=\"f8f2784\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68d044a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68d044a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_21078\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21078\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/book\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21078\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile-225x150.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21078\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/book\/\"><strong>WOOD! Identifying and Using Hundreds of Woods Worldwide<\/strong> All that makes The Wood Database unique, distilled into one potent book.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-536cdedd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"536cdedd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-429094cb\" data-id=\"429094cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cfd3559 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cfd3559\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_22588\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22588\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-filter\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22588 size-banner\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22588\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-filter\/\"><strong>Wood Filter<\/strong> Search, sort, and filter hundreds of woods from across the globe and break out of the ordinary!<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-31801636\" data-id=\"31801636\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4d2817 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4d2817\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c5c5d3\" data-id=\"2c5c5d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3014ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget\" data-id=\"f3014ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3550840598661096\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3550840598661096\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7018119591\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_342_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_342_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_342_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_342_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_342_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_342_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_342_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">V\u00edtkov\u00e1, M., M\u00fcllerov\u00e1, J., S\u00e1dlo, J., Pergl, J., &amp; Py\u0161ek, P. (2017). Black locust (<i>Robinia pseudoacacia<\/i>) beloved and despised: a story of an invasive tree in Central Europe.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2016.10.057\"><i>Forest ecology and management<\/i>,\u00a0<i>384<\/i>, 287\u2013<span class=\"ext-footnote\">302<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_342_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_342_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_342_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Lavin, M. (1995). Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of the tribe Robinieae (Leguminosae). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/25027850\"><i>Systematic Botany Monographs<\/i>, 1-<span class=\"ext-footnote\">165<\/span><\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_342_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_342_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_342_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_342_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_342_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_342_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_342_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_342_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_342_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_342_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_342_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_342_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_342_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_342_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&gt; Hardwoods &gt; Fabaceae &gt; Robinia &gt; pseudoacacia Common Name(s): Black locust, Scientific Name: Distribution: Central-eastern United States (also widely naturalized in many temperate areas worldwide) Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1 m) trunk diameter Average Dried Weight: lbs\/ft3 ( kg\/m3) Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): , Janka Hardness: lbf ( [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34862,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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